Project Endor
The Plant
A deep dive into what we’re building, how it works, and who’s behind it.
What the Project Does
Reversing combustion: the chemistry of Endor
Burning jet fuel is simple: hydrocarbons plus oxygen produce CO₂, water, and energy. project Endor runs that reaction backwards, turning CO₂ and water back into hydrocarbons using electricity instead of releasing it.
The process happens in three stages:
Renewable electricity is used to split water into hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂), using electrolyzers supplied by Plug Power. Veolia provides the water treatment systems essential for the fuel production process. Hitachi Energy is providing the electrical infrastructure needed to power the facility, reflecting the scale of electricity this stage requires: electrolysis is, industry-wide, typically the most energy-intensive step in any Power-to-Liquid process.
Endor doesn’t capture its own CO₂: on-site. Instead, liquid CO₂ is shipped and trucked in from multiple capture sites across Northern Europe. Logistics partner Blue Water manages the sea and road transport and terminal handling, with the partnership initially set to deliver up to 300,000 tons of liquid CO₂ per year over an initial 10-year period.
The green hydrogen and captured CO₂ are converted into syngas, then built into hydrocarbon chains through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, using licensed technology from Topsoe and Sasol. The resulting hydrocarbons are hydrocracked and refined into finished e-SAF, which is compatible with existing aircraft and airport infrastructure with no modification required.
Individually, large-scale electrolysis, cross-border CO₂ logistics, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis all exist elsewhere. Integrating them into one continuous, commercial-scale process, drawing power like an energy plant, sourcing feedstock like a logistics hub, and outputting fuel like a refinery, is the part of Endor that hasn’t been done at this scale before. Once operational, the plant is expected to produce around 67,000 tons of eFuel per year, removing an estimated 250,000 tons of CO₂ annually and avoiding a further 250,000 tons through green hydrogen production.
What is esaf?
Denmark's wind, engineered into liquid fuel
Endor’s entire energy input is Danish wind and solar. There’s no hydropower option here, since the country has no mountains or natural reservoirs for it, so the plant is designed entirely around the grid Denmark actually has.
That power draw is the defining engineering fact of the project: to make meaningful volumes of fuel, the plant needs enormous, continuous electrical input, which is why it’s sized more like a power-consuming industrial asset than a traditional refinery. It will be one of the largest single electricity consumers in Denmark. It’ll also be the first facility of its kind built in the country, and depending on how you count it, one of the first true refineries built here in roughly 50 years.
The result: every liter of fuel carries only the carbon that was captured to make it. When it’s burned in an aircraft, it releases only the CO₂ that went in during production, a closed loop, powered by wind rather than fossil extraction.
Up to 98% fewer emissions compared to fossil jet fuel over the full lifecycle, representing one of the deepest decarbonization pathways available for aviation today.
Location
Port of Vordingborg, Denmark
The plant is sited at the Port of Vordingborg in southern Zealand, Denmark, chosen for its access to renewable energy, deep-water logistics, and available land for industrial development.
Who is behind it?
Arcadia eFuels Vordingborg ApS
Project Endor is developed and coordinated by Arcadia eFuels Vordingborg ApS, a Danish subsidiary of Arcadia eFuels. Arcadia eFuels was founded in 2021 and is headquartered in Vordingborg, with additional projects in the United Kingdom and the United States.
The project draws on a European and global network of industry partners including Plug Power (electrolyzer technology), Topsoe (syngas and hydro-cracking), BNP Paribas (project finance), Green Power Denmark (renewable electricity), and Sasol (Fischer Tropsch process).
Aviation is under pressure to decarbonise. eSAF is the answer.
The EU’s ReFuelEU Aviation regulation mandates that airlines use growing percentages of sustainable aviation fuel starting now, including a specific sub-mandate for eSAF reaching 5% by 2035. Airlines and airports across Europe are actively looking for eSAF supply, and Project Endor is positioned to be one of the first commercial-scale sources.
Denmark, meanwhile, has committed to ambitious national climate targets and is well-placed to become a hub for clean fuel production. Project Endor will supply roughly 8% of Denmark’s annual jet fuel demand from a single facility, a meaningful contribution to national energy security and decarbonization goals.
Technical Resources
Project fact sheet
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